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Irish constitutional referendum, 1937 ：ウィキペディア英語版

Irish constitutional referendum, 1937

The Constitution of Ireland plebiscite, also known as the Plebiscite on the Draft Constitution,〔Government of the Republic of Ireland publication (2013), ''Referendum Results, 1937 - 2013'', p.16 http://www.environ.ie/en/LocalGovernment/Voting/Referenda/PublicationsDocuments/FileDownLoad,1894,en.pdf〕 was a plebiscite held in the Irish Free State to approve the adoption of a new constitution for the country.〔L. Prakke, C. A. J. M. Kortmann, ''Constitutional Law of 15 EU Member States'', 'Ireland - The Constitution of 1937' (Kluwer, 1 Jan 2004), 427.〕 The vote was held on 1 July 1937, the same day as the 1937 general election. It was passed by a plurality, with 56% of voters in favour, comprising 38.6% of the whole electorate. As a result, the current Constitution of Ireland came into effect on 29 December 1937, ending the Irish Free State. It was the first and only plebiscite to take place in the Irish Free State.〔Richard Sinnott, ''Irish Voters Decide: Voting Behaviour in Elections and Referendums Since 1918'' (Manchester University Press, 1995), 13.〕 Moreover, it was the only plebiscite that has ever been held in the country although there have been many referendums since then.
==Background==
(詳細はConstitution of the Irish Free State was motivated largely by the association of the existing constitution with the Anglo-Irish Treaty, and a belief that it had been imposed upon Ireland by the government of the United Kingdom. The main opponents of the Treaty had been elected to power as Fianna Fáil under Éamon de Valera in 1932, and a commitment was made to replace the constitution of the Free State.〔Jessie Blackbourn, ''Anti-Terrorism Law and Normalising Northern Ireland'' (Routledge, 7 Aug 2014), 16.〕 So closely tied to the policies of Fianna Fáil was the proposed new constitution that the 1937 referendum has been described as a vote of confidence in the republican government.〔Markku Suksi, ''Bringing in the People: A Comparison of Constitutional Forms and Practices of the Referendum'' (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993), 190.〕 After a new constitution was drafted by John Hearne, supervised by de Valera, the draft was accepted by the Oireachtas. The Oireachtas subsequently passed the Plebiscite (Draft Constitution) Act 1937, which allowed for a plebiscite to be held so that the people of Ireland could either accept or reject the new constitution.〔L. Prakke, C. A. J. M. Kortmann, ''Constitutional Law of 15 EU Member States'', 'Ireland - The Constitution of 1937' (Kluwer, 1 Jan 2004), 427.〕
Supporters of replacing the Irish Free State Constitution were largely sympathetic to the Fianna Fáil party, or republicans who believed in removing the remaining constitutional and legal links to the British state. Opponents of the new constitution included a coalition of supporters of Fine Gael and the Labour Party,〔Fine Gael, ‘Say No to the Constitution’ advertisement (1937) 〕 and unionists who were concerned about permanently losing the last vestiges of Britain's influence on the institutions of Irish government. The National University Women Graduates' Association opposed the new constitution on the basis that it could undermine women's rights and privacy in the home.〔National University Women Graduates' Association, 'Vote Against the Constitution' advertisement (1937)〕

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